A global panel of independent experts has concluded that the most plausible origin of COVID-19 is zoonotic spillover transmission from an animal host to humans likely involving bats or an intermediate species. This conclusion follows a comprehensive multi-year investigation into the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, reinforcing long-standing scientific consensus.

The panel, composed of 27 international scientists convened by the World Health Organization, reviewed diverse sources of evidence, including peer-reviewed studies, field research, wildlife sampling, and environmental data. Their analysis determined that zoonotic transmission aligns with patterns observed in previous coronavirus outbreaks, with no direct evidence to confirm laboratory origin at this time, although that scenario has not been completely ruled out.

Significant questions remain unanswered due to incomplete data, including early viral genome sequences, detailed information about wildlife handling at Wuhan markets, and security measures in nearby laboratories. The experts have urged full transparency and access to this data for a conclusive investigation.

The report urges global cooperation, with a call to all countries especially China to share comprehensive epidemiological, virological, and laboratory biosafety records. Enhanced data sharing is seen as essential for improving pandemic preparedness and preventing future spillover events.

The panel also endorsed a One Health approach that combines human, animal, and environmental health expertise to monitor wildlife pathogens and limit zoonotic risk. They stressed that such integrative strategies are critical to strengthen early detection systems and reduce the likelihood of future outbreaks.

While the report narrows the field toward zoonotic origins, it emphasizes that the origin investigation remains ongoing. Continued data collection, transparency, and international collaboration are essential to fully uncover the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and safeguard global health against future pandemics.