In a landmark decision on April 4, 2025, South Korea’s Constitutional Court unanimously upheld the impeachment of President Yoon Suk Yeol, resulting in his immediate removal from office. This ruling follows Yoon’s controversial declaration of martial law in December 2024, which had plunged the nation into a significant political crisis.

Background of the Crisis

The turmoil began on December 3, 2024, when President Yoon imposed martial law, citing alleged “anti-state activities” by the opposition-led National Assembly. He accused them of collaborating with North Korea to undermine the government. This unprecedented move involved deploying military forces to prevent parliamentary sessions, actions that were widely condemned as unconstitutional and a severe breach of democratic norms. ​

Legal Proceedings and Court Findings

The National Assembly swiftly responded by passing an impeachment motion against Yoon on December 14, 2024. The Constitutional Court’s review concluded that Yoon had violated his constitutional duties by overstepping presidential powers and undermining democratic institutions. Acting Chief Justice Moon Hyung-bae stated that Yoon’s actions constituted “a serious challenge to democracy” and represented “a grave betrayal of the people’s trust.”

Immediate Political Implications

Following Yoon’s removal, Prime Minister Han Duck-soo has assumed the role of acting president. According to South Korean law, a new presidential election must be held within 60 days to elect a successor.

Public and Political Reactions

The court’s decision has elicited mixed reactions across the nation. Thousands who had been advocating for Yoon’s ouster celebrated the ruling, viewing it as a victory for democratic principles. Conversely, Yoon’s supporters expressed disappointment and anger, with some incidents of unrest reported near his residence.

Ongoing Legal Challenges for Yoon

Beyond his removal from office, Yoon Suk Yeol faces serious legal challenges, including a criminal trial on insurrection charges related to his martial law declaration. These charges carry the potential for severe penalties, further complicating his political and personal future.

This unprecedented event marks only the second time in South Korea’s history that a president has been removed from office through impeachment, underscoring the nation’s commitment to upholding its constitutional framework and democratic values.