After 15 months of intense conflict, Israel and Hamas have agreed to a ceasefire set to commence on January 19, 2025.

Ceasefire Agreement Phases

Phase 1: Initial Ceasefire and Exchanges

  • Duration: 42 days, beginning January 19, 2025.
  • Hostage Release: Hamas will release 33 hostages, focusing on women, children, and the elderly.
  • Prisoner Exchange: Israel will release hundreds of Palestinian prisoners.
  • Military Movements: Israeli forces will withdraw from densely populated areas in Gaza, repositioning to the east but remaining along the border.
  • Humanitarian Aid: An increase in aid deliveries to Gaza, with coordination to open the Rafah border crossing for international assistance.

Phase 2: Sustained Calm and Further Releases

  • Duration: 42 days following Phase 1.
  • Ceasefire: A permanent cessation of military operations and hostilities.
  • Hostage and Prisoner Release: Exchange of remaining Israeli male hostages, both civilians and soldiers, for an agreed number of Palestinian prisoners.
  • Israeli Withdrawal: Complete withdrawal of Israeli forces from the Gaza Strip.

Phase 3: Reconstruction and Final Exchanges

  • Duration: 42 days following Phase 2.
  • Remains Exchange: Mutual return of bodies and remains held by both parties after identification.
  • Gaza Reconstruction: Initiation of a comprehensive reconstruction plan for Gaza, spanning three to five years, including rebuilding homes, civilian infrastructure, and compensating affected individuals.
  • Border Openings: Facilitation of movement for people and goods through border crossings.

International Reactions

Global leaders have expressed cautious optimism regarding the ceasefire:

  • U.S. President Joe Biden: Emphasized the importance of the agreement for the return of hostages and the cessation of fighting.
  • U.S. President-elect Donald Trump: Credited his team for facilitating the deal and underscored the need to prevent Gaza from becoming a terrorist haven.
  • UN Secretary-General António Guterres: Expressed readiness to support the agreement and enhance humanitarian relief efforts in Gaza.
  • European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen: Welcomed the agreement as a hopeful step toward lasting stability in the region.

Implications and Next Steps

The ceasefire marks a significant development in the Israel-Hamas conflict, offering a pathway to peace and the alleviation of humanitarian suffering in Gaza. However, the successful implementation of each phase is crucial, requiring sustained commitment from both parties and the international community’s support to ensure lasting peace and stability in the region