Escalating Tensions Between Pakistan and India

Persistent tensions between Pakistan and India intensified on Wednesday following strikes by India within Pakistani territory. Pakistan reports that these actions resulted in casualties, and it has initiated retaliatory measures, marking a significant escalation in the relationship between these neighboring nations.

India alleges that Pakistan supports an attack on civilians in Indian Illegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK) that occurred on April 22. Islamabad has refuted this allegation. Both countries have engaged in exchanges of fire along the Line of Control (LoC), which serves as the border separating Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) from IIOJK.

Concurrently, India has reportedly expelled citizens and implemented a border closure.

Since the Partition in 1947, the two nations have experienced several conflicts, ranging from minor skirmishes to extensive wars.

Historical Overview of Conflicts:
1947: Partition

The end of British rule on August 15, 1947, led to the division of the sub-continent into Pakistan and India. The Partition resulted in extensive bloodshed, causing casualties and displacements.

As Kashmir deliberated between joining either India or Pakistan, tensions increased. A UN-supported ceasefire line was established in January 1949, dividing Kashmir.

1965: Kashmir Conflict

Pakistan initiated a war in August 1965 to reclaim IIOJK. Thousands died before a ceasefire was negotiated by the Soviet Union and the United States in September.

1971: Creation of Bangladesh

In 1971, Pakistan deployed troops to suppress an independence movement in what is now Bangladesh. The conflict led to casualties and displacement.

India’s intervention led to the formation of Bangladesh.

1989-90: Uprising in Kashmir

An uprising occurred in IIOJK in 1989. The conflict resulted in casualties among soldiers, militants, and civilians.

India accused Pakistan of providing support to the fighters.

1999: Kargil Conflict

Pakistan seized Indian military posts in the Kargil mountains.

Following pressure from Washington, Pakistan withdrew. The conflict resulted in casualties.

2019: Pulwama Attack and Retaliation

A suicide attack on Indian security forces resulted in casualties in Pulwama.

India conducted air strikes on Pakistani territory. One Indian jet was shot down, and the pilot was captured before being handed back to India as a peace gesture.