A resident of Coconino County, Arizona, has died from pneumonic plague, marking the first fatality of this type in the region since a 2007 case linked to exposure to a wild animal. Health officials confirmed the patient, treated at Flagstaff Medical Center, passed away on July 11, within hours of hospitalization.

Pneumonic Plague: The Most Contagious and Deadly Form

Pneumonic plague, caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, is the most severe form of plague. Unlike bubonic plague which spreads via fleas pneumonic plague infects the lungs and can be transmitted person-to-person through respiratory droplets, leading to pneumonia and respiratory failure if untreated.

National CDC Data Shows Low Incidence and Fatality

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data shows about seven human plague cases annually, mostly in western states. Between 2000 and 2023, there have been only 15 plague-related deaths in the U.S. Pneumonic cases are rare but highly fatal if undiagnosed, with mortality rates nearly 90% without prompt antibiotic treatment.

No Link to Recent Prairie Dog Die-Off Confirmed

Health authorities clarified that this patient’s infection is not connected to a recent die-off of prairie dogs in the Flagstaff area. The bacteria typically cycles among wild rodents, and while animal cases can signal risk, no epidemiological link has been found.

Local Officials Confirm Low Community Transmission Risk

Coconino County health officials stated the risk to the public remains low. The last documented person-to-person spread of pneumonic plague in the U.S. occurred in Los Angeles in 1924. Current advice includes avoiding direct contact with sick or deceased wildlife, especially areas known for plague-endemic rodents.

Symptoms Highlight Need for Urgent Medical Awareness

Symptoms include sudden fever, headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, and sometimes bloody cough. Medical experts emphasize that anemia antibiotic treatment must be administered within 24–48 hours of symptom onset to reduce mortality risk.

Health Advisory: Precautions for Rural and Wildlife Areas

Health authorities advise locals and visitors in rural western areas to avoid handling rodents or carcasses, use insect repellent against fleas, and tuck pant legs into socks to prevent bites. Pet owners are urged to watch for signs of illness in dogs or cats and seek veterinary care if needed.

Conclusion: Rare but Serious Plague Case in Arizona

This rare pneumonic plague death in Arizona highlights the importance of surveillance, early diagnosis, and awareness. While the risk to the wider public is minimal, rural populations and healthcare providers are advised to remain alert to the disease’s rapidly progressing nature.